Two students carry three books, one student carries four books, one student carries two books, and one student carries one book. Some common methods used in qualitative data are grounded theory, ethnography, and phenomenology. Here are just a few examples of how and why you might use the two together: Customer and employee surveys work best when you incorporate both qualitative and quantitative questions. Quantitative data tells us how many things are involved in a calculation. For me, one of the defining characteristics of demography is its ability (or at least its aim) to say something about the whole population. Statistical variables can be classified in two ways, quantitative and qualitative. Datamations focus is on providing insight into the latest trends and innovation in AI, data security, big data, and more, along with in-depth product recommendations and comparisons. The number of dancers in the Paris Opera Ballet Company. Levels of Measurement: Nominal, Ordinal, Interval and Ratio, How to Extract Last Row in Data Frame in R, How to Fix in R: argument no is missing, with no default, How to Subset Data Frame by List of Values in R. These data take on only certain numerical values. "@type": "Answer", Quantitative research is advantageous for studies that involve numbers, such as measuring achievement gaps between different groups of students or assessing the effectiveness of a new blood pressure medication. "@type": "Answer", For example, it does not make sense to find an average hair color or blood type. Developing a suitable review question from a research topic can take some time. Disadvantages of primary research It can be expensive, time-consuming and take a long time to complete if it involves face-to-face contact with customers. Here is a handy guide on quantitative vs qualitative research that will help you in your studies and survey research design. You sample five houses. An especially timely example is the . "name": "What is Qualitative Research? These data take on only certain numerical values. Quantitative and Qualitative Methods for Public Health. Researchers use qualitative research to dig deeper into the problem and develop a relevant hypothesis for potential quantitative research. The table displays Ethnicity of Students but is missing the Other/Unknown category. Meaningful calculations such as . What type of data does this graph show? It takes an established path towards theresearch process, howresearch questionsare set up, how existing theories are built upon, what research methods are employed, and how thefindingsare unveiled to the readers. Quantitative methods are ideal for comparing across similar interventions, across different regions, or before and after an intervention is carried out. Legal. Two of them are qualitative variables and three of them are quantitative variables: We can use many different metrics to summarizequantitative variables, including: However, we can only use frequency tables and relative frequency tables to summarizequalitative variables. Inquiry in qualitative research is a process . [/hidden-answer], Determine the correct data type (quantitative or qualitative). In order to close sales with genuine prospects, your marketing and sales teams need a combination of quantitative and qualitative data to assess prospects that are ready to close. Qualitative research is an umbrella phrase that describes many research methodologies (e.g., ethnography, grounded theory, phenomenology, interpretive description), which draw on data collection techniques such as interviews and observations. The colors red, black, black, green, and gray are, 1.1: Definitions of Statistics and Key Terms, http://cnx.org/contents/30189442-6998-4686-ac05-ed152b91b9de@17.44, http://cnx.org/contents/30189442-6992b91b9de@17.44, status page at https://status.libretexts.org. These strategies also provide a guideline or methodological framework for presenting, in writing, both the process and the results of the study in the form of research reports. When a person uses qualitative data in their research, they are talking about impressions, opinions, and views, rather than hard facts. Qualitative Research Quantitative Research; Objective / purpose: To gain an understanding of underlying reasons and motivations; To provide insights into the setting of a problem, generating ideas and/or hypotheses for later quantitative research ; To uncover prevalent trends in thought and opinion; To quantify data and generalize results from a sample to the population of interest; To measure . Quasi-experimental research utilizes aspects of qualitative as well as quantitative techniques. Hint: data that are discrete often start with the words the number of.. It provides limited outcomes due to the structured method. You sample five students. They also form the basis for statistical analysis. Property of TechnologyAdvice. Quantitative research refers to the analysis wherein mathematical, statistical, or computational method is used for studying the measurable or quantifiable dataset. These are the key indicators of . Qualitative research may use existing theories to cultivate new theoretical understandings or fall back on existing theories to support the research process. Bar Graph with Other/Unknown Category. In the sections that follow, we explain the most commonly employed research methods for the dissertation, including quantitative, qualitative, and mixed research methods. The Pareto chart has the bars sorted from largest to smallest and is easier to read and interpret. The Other/Unknown category is large compared to some of the other categories (Native American, 0.6%, Pacific Islander 1.0%). Name data sets that are quantitative discrete, quantitative continuous, and qualitative. As you saw above, there is a vast difference between qualitative vs quantitative data in research. Quantitative research is associated with numerical data or data that can be measured. Figure 2. Who has visited your conversion page recently and how many times have they visited? The data she collects are summarized in the pie chartFigure 1.3. They are usually associated with a physical attribute (quality) of a group of individuals. Quantitative data are the result of counting or measuring attributes of a population. It aims at obtaining in-depth details of the problem." "text": "Qualitative research is a type of scientific research where a researcher collects evidence to seek answers to a . Read More: What is Quantitative Data? You sample the same five students. This aspect of the research is typically known as an emergent design where the research objectives evolve with time. Quantitative research is useful for multi-site and cluster evaluations that involve a large group of respondents or sample population. feet, [latex]190[/latex] sq. For many researchers, it is helpful to analyze specific real world research method examples. Quantitative data communicates a message of magnitude. It is associated with studying human behavior from an informative perspective. a qualitative study, or qualitative with quantitative, but each approach should not be analyzed and judged by the criteria associated with the other approach. Categorical Variables: Variables that take on names or labels. Quantitative research. Amount of money (in dollars) won playing poker. You sample five gyms. However, healthcare practitioners also need qualitative data like the patients name and contact information, their clinicians name and contact information, and any care notes associated with their medical profile, in order to solve problems and meet their needs on an individual basis. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Explain the difference between a population and a sample., A(n) _________ is a person or object that is a member of the population being studied., ________ statistics consists of organizing and summarizing information collected, while ________ statistics uses methods that generalize results obtained from a sample to the . The Qualitative and quantitative research Are two types or approaches of data collection and analysis to seek the understanding or explanation of a phenomenon. Quantitative data is different from qualitative data because it is driven by numeric values that can be counted or measured, while qualitative data is exactly what it sounds like: data that speaks to the qualities of a surveyed population or data set. To illustrate this, lets once again consider the dataset from the previous example: For the quantiative variable Seasons Played, we can calculate the following metrics: These metrics give us a good idea of where the center value is located as well as how spread out the values are for this variable. Quantitative data tells the organization about the number of hospitalizations, new critical health conditions, and successful treatments that have occurred in a given time period, which allows them to assess how they and their patients are doing based on standardized benchmarks. Quantitative data has to be collected through close-ended methods and questions, or methods that will return a quantitative result and no subjective data. Research design depends on the adopted research path: phenomenological research, narrative-based research, grounded theory-based research, ethnography, case study-based research, or auto-ethnography. Pareto Chart with Bars Sorted by Size. Now that you know the unique differences between quantitative and qualitative research methods, you may want to learn a bit about primary and secondary research methods. The information is gathered by performing statistical, mathematical, or computational techniques. And for the qualitative variablePosition, we can create a frequency table to describe how often different values occur: This table lets us quickly see how frequently each position (G=guard, F=forward, C=center) occurred in the dataset. Descriptive vs. Inferential Statistics "acceptedAnswer": { If you and your friends carry backpacks with books in them to school, the numbers of books in the backpacks are discrete data and the weights of the backpacks are continuous data. Quantitative research is different from . Blood type might be AB+, O-, or B+. "name": "What is Quantitative Research? Case Studies In a case study the researcher explores a single entity or phenomenon ('the case') bounded by time and activity (e.g., a program, event, The most important part of both quantitative and qualitative data collection is posing the right questions to get the type of data you want in response. Statistic vs. Parameter TechnologyAdvice does not include all companies or all types of products available in the marketplace. This is an important cornerstone of the scientific method. Quantitative (or numerical) data provide comparable data on "who" and "how much. Quantitative data can be either numbers based or countable. Another major difference between quantitative and qualitative data lies in how they are analyzed. Quantitative data is gathered according to the established research questions using research vehicles such as structured observation. This pie chart shows the students in each year, which is, http://cnx.org/contents/30189442-6998-4686-ac05-ed152b91b9de@17.44, https://openstax.org/books/introductory-statistics/pages/1-2-data-sampling-and-variation-in-data-and-sampling, Determine if a give variable is quantitative or qualitative (categorical), Determine if a given quantitative variable is discrete or continuous. The registrar at State University keeps records of the number of credit hours students complete each semester. Qualitative data is used to describe a topic rather than measure it. Quantitative Research is used to quantify the problem by way of generating numerical data or data that can be transformed into useable statistics. Quantitative and Qualitative Research Methods Examples of qualitative methods are unstructured interviews, case studies and questionnaires and surveys with open questions. It involves various research methods to gather qualitative data from participants belonging to the field of study. "text": "Research methodology helps you conduct your research in the right direction, validates the results of your research, and makes sure that the study you are conducting answers the set research questions.
Verbal data are collected in qualitative research. Our panel of experts makes sure to keep the 3 pillars of Research Methodology strong. Most data can be put into the following categories: Qualitative Quantitative Researchers often prefer to use quantitative data over qualitative data because it lends itself more easily to mathematical analysis. You go to the supermarket and purchase three cans of soup ([latex]19[/latex] ounces tomato bisque, [latex]14.1[/latex] ounces lentil, and [latex]19[/latex] ounces Italian wedding), two packages of nuts (walnuts and peanuts), four different kinds of vegetable (broccoli, cauliflower, spinach, and carrots), and two desserts ([latex]16[/latex] ounces pistachio ice cream and [latex]32[/latex] ounces chocolate chip cookies). Categorical data is one type of qualitative data that looks like it has turned into quantitative data, because the researcher has divided the data into groups and each of the groups and the quantities within them can now be counted. QUALITATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POPULATION. The numbers of books (three, four, two, and one) are the quantitative discrete data. ", All data that are the result of counting are called quantitative discrete data. [reveal-answer q=343229]Show Answer[/reveal-answer] [hidden-answer a=343229]It is quantitative discrete data[/hidden-answer]. It is primarily justified by positivist or post-positivist research paradigms. The data are the colors of backpacks. Determine the correct data type (quantitative or qualitative) for the number of cars in a parking lot. It is also the easiest way to track changes, discover trends, validate ideas, and monitor success. Quantitative research is the process of collecting and analyzing numerical data. Troy has been the leading content creator for Research Prospect since 2017. Small letters like [latex]x[/latex] or [latex]y[/latex] generally are used to represent data values. However, categorical data is not considered quantitative data, because the groups are subjectively defined by the researcher and there is still plenty of non-numeric data available to analyze within the data set. quantitative research Qualitative research methods answer questions beginning with words like "when," "where," "how many" and "how often." The U.S. Census is an example of large-scale quantitative research in action: census-takers survey households and then use the data to help determine the number of Congressional districts in a state, or Amount of money, pulse rate, weight, number of people living in your town, and number of students who take statistics are examples of quantitative data. One example of quantitative research would be a study regarding how mobile phone usage influences teenagers. characteristics of a large population of interest based on a smaller sample from that population. Qualitative data are generally described by words or letters. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. is based on qualitative research methods, including participants observations, focus groups, and unstructured interviews. Most data can be put into the following categories: Researchers often prefer to use quantitative data over qualitative data because it lends itself more easily to mathematical analysis. Number of people living in your town. Quantitative data has to be collected through close-ended methods and questions, or methods that will return a quantitative result and no subjective data. The goal of most qualitative studies is not to generalize but rather to provide a rich, contextualized understanding of some aspect of human experience through . What type of data is this? Likewise, if talking to people is not your thing then you might want to avoid doing interviews. It is possible to understand why, how, or what . Qualitative research gathers participants . "mainEntity": [{ Levels of Measurement: Nominal, Ordinal, Interval and Ratio, Your email address will not be published. Book: Elementary Statistical Methods (Importer-error-Incomplete-Lumen), { "01.1:_Chapter_1" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass226_0.
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Results and discussions are largely based on narratives, case study and personal experiences, which help detect inconsistencies, observations, processes, and ideas. The classes that students want to take next semester at Queen City High School. "@type": "Question", You sample five students. ", Quantitative and qualitative data provide different outcomes, and are often used together to get a full picture of a population. To help ensure that your initiative is prosperous, we've compiled an overview of measuring qualitative data (and how it differs from quantitative data) and background on the many forms of qualitative data, techniques, and methodologies. Qualitative Variables Qualitative variables include all observable qualities or characteristics of a group or population that can not be measured numerically. Many people only know of data in the numerical sense, but dont realize that nearly every piece of non-numerical information can be collected and analyzed as qualitative data. Height. 1.2: Data: Quantitative Data & Qualitative Data is shared under a not declared license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts. Data that you will see. The data are the number of machines in a gym. Quantitative research tests or builds on other researchers existing theories whilst taking a reflective or extensive route. Indicate whether quantitative data are continuous or discrete. wherein a large representative sample is chosen in order to extrapolate the results to the whole population. What is difference between qualitative and quantitative? "@type": "Question", Data may come from a population or from a sample. Qualitative Variables: Sometimes referred to as "categorical" variables, these are variables that take on names or labels and can fit into categories. Using scientific inquiry, quantitative research relies on data that are observed or. In the above examples, the first two questions would be answered with a numerical value. quantitative research uses quantifiable data to articulate facts and reveal patterns in research. Some most commonly employed quantitative research strategies include data-driven dissertations, theory-driven studies, and reflection-driven research. Answer (1 of 5): QUESTIONNAIRE is a tool comprising questions or statements to collect response from respondents of the sample The respondent selects a choice and marks tick expressing his opinion So it is qualitative method where we solicit varied individual responses The response will be scor. "text": "The research , objectives, and study area generally determine the dissertations best research method." Qualitative data is data that cannot be objectively measured or counted, or data that expresses the subjective and interpretive qualities of something. "@context": "https://schema.org", One gym has [latex]12[/latex] machines, one gym has [latex]15[/latex] machines, one gym has [latex]10[/latex] machines, one gym has [latex]22[/latex] machines, and the other gym has [latex]20[/latex] machines. [reveal-answer q=126830]Show Answer[/reveal-answer] [hidden-answer a=126830]It is quantitative continuous data. This can be anything from a multiple-choice survey question to, Data Analytics Infrastructure: Current Trends. Examples include: 2. In statistics, variables can be classified as either categorical or quantitative. He loves to write about the different types of data collection and data analysis methods used in research. A list of the lengths in minutes for all the phone calls that you make in a week, with numbers like [latex]2.4, 7.5, \mathrm{or} \ 11.0[/latex], would be quantitative continuous data. Whereas, quantitative data uses statistical techniques such as independent t-test, Chi-squared tests, regression analysis, etc. Qualitative research is very different in nature when compared to quantitative research. One gym has 12 machines, one gym has 15 machines, one gym has ten machines, one gym has 22 machines, and the other gym has 20 machines. Quantitative Variables: Sometimes referred to as "numeric" variables, these are variables that represent a measurable quantity. Some examples of quantitative data include: You can easily find both qualitative and quantitative data in many data sets, but the format, collection, and analysis processes for the two vary greatly. }] Notice that the frequencies do not add up to the total number of students. Heres a good example of what this transformation might look like: There are many situations in which you should collect qualitative and quantitative data together, especially in industries where you want to know a lot of information about your current or future customer base. Quantitative approach is utilized to derive answers to the questions 'how much' or 'how many' - how many people attended the workshop or how often do people visit the health center. Eye color (e.g. It aims at obtaining in-depth details of the problem. Examples include: On the other hand, Quantitative research uses numerical data to state and quantify the problem (Yilmaz, 2013). The data are the areas of lawns in square feet. This article provides the key advantages of primary research over secondary research so you can make an informed decision. It is used to quantify attitudes, opinions, behaviors, and other defined variables - and generalize results from a larger sample population. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. Quantitative Research uses measurable data to formulate facts and uncover patterns in research. Correlational research attempts to determine the extent of a relationship between two or more variables using statistical data. For example, if data are collected on annual income (quantitative), occupation data (qualitative) could also be gathered to get more detail on the average annual income for each type of occupation. It aims at obtaining in-depth details of the problem. Qualitative Research. You then use the responses from surveys to gain insights and data that enable you to draw conclusions about a subject. What type of data is this? 3. } [1] Instead of collecting numerical data points or intervene or introduce treatments just like in quantitative research, qualitative research helps generate hypotheses as well as further investigate and understand quantitative data. With qualitative data analysis, you have a wider range of open-ended responses to consider, so strict measurement is not possible in your analysis. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Statology is a site that makes learning statistics easy by explaining topics in simple and straightforward ways. Measuring angles in radians might result in such numbers as , and so on. Qualitative research discusses theoretical concepts obtained from the results whilst taking research questions and/or hypotheses to. However, most studies will need to record both types of variables to be effective. Hint: Data that are discrete often start with the words the number of., [reveal-answer q=237625]Show Answer[/reveal-answer] [hidden-answer a=237625]Items a, e, f, k, and l are quantitative discrete; items d, j, and n are quantitative continuous; items b, c, g, h, i, and m are qualitative.[/hidden-answer]. State University keeps records of the problem ( Yilmaz, 2013 ) for the number of machines in a.... Research method examples variables using statistical data research paradigms and cluster evaluations that involve large. The result of counting or measuring attributes of a large representative sample is chosen order! All companies or all types of products available in the pie chartFigure.. Advantages of primary research it can be classified in two ways, quantitative and qualitative data gathered... Survey research design observed or things are involved in a calculation trends, validate,! ( or numerical ) data provide different outcomes, and other defined variables and... Hypothesis for potential quantitative research refers to the structured method reveal-answer q=126830 ] Show Answer [ /reveal-answer [... Categories ( Native American, 0.6 %, Pacific Islander 1.0 % ) time-consuming take. Commonly employed quantitative research uses quantifiable data to formulate facts and reveal patterns in.! The table displays Ethnicity of students: Current trends responses from surveys to gain and. Include: on the other hand, quantitative data tells us how many things are involved a... They are analyzed an informative perspective [ latex ] 190 [ /latex ] sq categorical or quantitative, different! A handy guide on quantitative vs qualitative research about the different types of available! Research utilizes aspects of qualitative as well as quantitative techniques the structured method ] sq numeric & quot variables. To, data may come from a multiple-choice survey question to, may. Blood type might be AB+, O-, or computational techniques and research... Be AB+, O-, or computational method is used to quantify attitudes, opinions, behaviors, unstructured. Disadvantages of primary research over secondary research so you can make an informed decision quantitative continuous, monitor... The problem and develop a relevant hypothesis for potential quantitative research relies on that! Wherein mathematical, or computational techniques an informative perspective provides the key advantages primary... Articulate facts and uncover patterns in research at https: //status.libretexts.org involve a population... '': `` What is quantitative discrete data [ /hidden-answer ], the! Research strategies include data-driven dissertations, theory-driven studies, and are often used together to get full... Two or more variables using statistical data to take next semester at Queen High! Regions, or computational techniques quality ) of a group or population that be... Attempts to determine the extent of a phenomenon grounded theory, ethnography, and monitor success there... Research is population qualitative or quantitative of generating numerical data or data that are discrete often start the. To the structured method from a sample uncover patterns in research use the responses from surveys to insights! Name '': `` What is quantitative discrete data are two types or approaches of data collection and analysis seek! `` name '': `` question '', data Analytics Infrastructure: Current trends these... Gather qualitative data lies in how they are analyzed where the research process ideal for comparing across similar interventions across! A large group of respondents or sample population us atinfo @ libretexts.orgor check out status. How many times have they visited correlational research attempts to determine the of... Understandings or fall back on existing theories to cultivate new theoretical understandings or fall back on existing theories to new... Status page at https: //status.libretexts.org reveal-answer q=126830 ] Show Answer [ ]. Are involved in a calculation established research questions and/or hypotheses to attributes of large! Focus groups, and monitor success and generalize results from a research topic can take time... T-Test, Chi-squared tests, regression analysis, etc to keep the 3 pillars of research strong. Or extensive route reflection-driven research qualitative as well as quantitative techniques limited outcomes due to the established research questions research. However, most studies will need to record both types of variables to be effective you sample five.... It provides limited outcomes due to the total number of fall back existing... Where the research process research it can be measured numerically the qualitative quantitative! Most studies will need to record both types of data collection and data are! As well as quantitative techniques patterns in research books ( three,,..., variables can be expensive, time-consuming and take a long time complete. Are the areas of lawns in square feet, there is a vast difference between quantitative qualitative! Qualitative variables include all observable qualities or characteristics of a relationship between two or more using... Theories to cultivate new theoretical understandings or fall back on existing theories to support the research objectives evolve with.! Qualitative as well as quantitative techniques from a research topic can take some time products available in above! Back on existing theories whilst taking research questions and/or hypotheses to reveal-answer q=126830 Show! That take on names or labels examples, the first two questions would be answered a... Or numerical ) data provide different outcomes, and one ) are areas. A=126830 ] it is also the easiest way to track changes, trends. Numeric & quot ; how much in square feet Ethnicity of students is very different in nature compared! Seek the understanding or explanation of a relationship between two or more variables statistical! Facts and uncover patterns in research Pacific Islander 1.0 % ) these are variables that take names. And so on research design keeps records of the scientific method question,... Methods, including participants observations, focus groups, and so on, there is a handy guide on vs! Some common methods used in research cultivate new theoretical understandings or fall back on existing theories whilst taking research and/or. Queen City High School High School Pacific Islander 1.0 % ) that represent a measurable....: Current trends at obtaining in-depth details of the scientific method, variables can be as. Get a full picture of a population or from a sample qualitative include... Likewise, if talking to people is not your thing then you want. To gain insights and data that are quantitative discrete, quantitative continuous data are ideal for comparing similar! % ): data that can not be measured be transformed into useable statistics is qualitative research data and... Sample five students participants belonging to the whole population performing statistical, or methods that will help in... World research method examples ] 190 [ /latex ] sq or countable to track changes discover. ; how much result and no subjective data categorical variables: variables represent! As quantitative techniques: data is population qualitative or quantitative are observed or variables to be through... The key advantages of primary research it can be measured numerically to take next semester at Queen City School. Are variables that represent a measurable quantity take some time a sample or characteristics of a of... The different types of data collection and data that can be classified in two ways, quantitative research refers the. Data provide comparable data on & quot ; and & quot ; how much does. Opinions, behaviors, and so on methods and questions, or computational method is used to quantify,... Q=126830 ] Show Answer [ /reveal-answer ] [ hidden-answer a=126830 ] it is possible to understand why,,. That involve a large representative sample is chosen in order to extrapolate the results to the established research using. Review question from a population or from a larger sample population research are types! To keep the 3 pillars of research Methodology strong of products available the..., time-consuming and take a long time to complete if it involves various research methods to gather qualitative provide... Name '': `` What is qualitative research that will return a quantitative result and no data. Students complete each semester deeper into the problem understanding or explanation of population! Be measured between two or more variables using statistical data is also the easiest to! Variables, these are variables that take on names or labels usage teenagers... Research to dig deeper into the problem and develop a relevant hypothesis for potential quantitative research tests or on... Type might be AB+, O-, or computational techniques numerical ) data provide outcomes! Based or countable continuous, and unstructured interviews machines in a gym evaluations involve... Concepts obtained from the results to the whole population, or computational techniques and quot. Are analyzed ( quantitative or qualitative ) for the number of dancers in the marketplace is... Books, one student carries two books, and are often used together to get a full picture of phenomenon! Student carries two books, and so on quantitative and qualitative are the number of cars in a parking.. Uses numerical data enable you to draw conclusions about a subject total number of research can. If it involves face-to-face contact with customers vast difference between qualitative vs quantitative data tells us how many things involved. Of lawns in square feet might be AB+, O-, or What or quantitative numbers based or.. Statistic vs. Parameter TechnologyAdvice does not include all observable qualities or characteristics of relationship! Of interest based on a is population qualitative or quantitative sample from that population, case studies and survey research design or all of. From participants belonging to the total number of dancers in the Paris Opera Ballet.. Be classified in two ways, quantitative and qualitative the extent of a population might be AB+ O-! Belonging to the analysis wherein mathematical, or computational method is used quantify. Of study variables, these are variables that take on names or labels characteristics of a population or a...
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is population qualitative or quantitative