Activate your 30 day free trialto unlock unlimited reading. It is calculated by the following formula: Mean arterial BP = Diastolic BP + 1/3 Pulse Pressure e.g. figure 14-7g. BODY REACTION TO HAEMORRHAGE Compensatory reactions in acute haemorrhage Immediate compensatory reactions Immediate reactionsaim at rapid elevation of the arterial B.P. pneumotorax. e.g. In severe muscular exercise, the work of the heart increased and the CBF may be increased up to 2 liters/ minute. Outline: Cardiovascular Physiology Dr. Abdulhalim Serafi, MB ChB,MSc,PhD,FESC Assistant Professor & Consultant Cardiologist Faculty of Medicine Umm Al-Qura University Makkah Al-Mukarramah Saudi Arabia, Part II CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY LECTURE VIII:CORONARY CIRCULATION Outline: - Blood supply of the heart (arterial supply & venous drainage) - Characteristics of the coronary circulation - Coronary blood flow (CBF) - Factors affecting CBF (coronary circulation) - Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) - Angina pectoris and coronary thrombosis Further Reading: Guyton: Textbook of Medical Physiology Ganong: Review of Medical Physiology. 1 anatomy and-physiology-of-the-cardiovascular-system (2), Anatomy, physiology & patophysiology of the cardiovascular, cardiovascular physiology based on Ganong's, Physiology of cardiovascular system dr toufiqur rahman, Cardiovascularsystem 110221045748-phpapp02, Anatomy and-physiology-of-the-cardiovascular-system-medical-surgical-nursing-ppt, Ppt cvs phsiology a small review for anaesthetist, James Malce Alo, PhD, MAN, MAPsych, RN, OSHA, The assessment of confusion in the older adult, Respiratory anatomy and physiology faculty version, Clinical examination of the gi tract and abdomen [recovered] [recovered], Structured examination of the Respiratory System. J. PHYSIOL. Circulation (pumping action) varies based on needs of the body Hemodynamics - Describes a collection of mechanisms that influence the active and changing circulation of blood throughout the body - PowerPoint PPT Presentation TRANSCRIPT Cardiovascular Physiology. Below is the complete table of content that you will be able to access inside the Guyton and Hall Physiology Review PDF: UNIT I: Introduction to Physiology: The Cell and General Physiology UNIT II: Membrane Physiology, Nerve, and Muscle UNIT III: The Heart UNIT IV: The Circulation UNIT V: The Body Fluids and Kidneys Hypertension can be produced in experimental animals by the following methods: 1- Renal ischemia (interference with renal blood flow). : Hormonal mechanism which - baroreceptors reflexes. Dr. Abdulhalim Serafi, MB ChB,MSc,PhD,FESC Assistant Professor & Consultant Cardiologist Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences Umm Al-Qura University Makkah Al-Mukarramah Saudi Arabia. Effected organs : The heart and blood vessels. 1. Cardiovascular physiology 1. is prolonged, the right ventricles hypertrophies and it may finally fail. blood heart peripheral circulation. In arterioscleroses The arterial elasticity is decreased systolic BP diastolic BP. paroxysmal tachycardia diastolic period coronary filling (as it occurs mainly during ventricular diastole) CBF. Cardiovascular Physiology - . Mm Hg. general functions components production & function of. HYPOVOLAEMIC SHOCKCARDIOGENIC SHOCK -It occurs a result of - It occurs as a result of excessive loss of blood decreased pumping or plasma, e.g. These vessels dilate and their capacity without excessive without excessive in P.B.P. Cardiac neurogenic shock, tamponade or massive septic shock anaphylactic pulmonary embolism. 9-1 Cardiac Muscle Has actin and myosin filaments right & left coronary arteries. Free access to premium services like Tuneln, Mubi and more. received string length longer than maximum. IMPORTANCE OF ABP Normal mean ABP provides the force that drives blood to the tissues I.e. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CORONARY CIRCULATION It is very short and very rapid (so it is essential to the heart). PR L) However, the radius is the most important factor that determines the PR because both V and L are normally constant. general functions components production & function of. Cardiovascular Physiology - . nervous supply. qiang xia ( ), phd department of physiology room c518, block c, research, Cardiovascular Physiology - . The blood flow in the pulmonary capillaries is rapid 0.75 second at rest. Outline: 11th ed: pp771-818, pp865-888. dr. abeer a. al-masri, phd a. professor, consultant, Cardiovascular Physiology - . In this way, these reflexes maintain the normal level of ABP. Long-term regulation of the ABP: This is a slowly-acting pressure control mechanism called renal-body fluid-pressure control mechanism. 5. The reflex pathway: Receptors : Baroreceptors in the carotid sinus & aortic arch Afferents : The carotid sinus branch of the glassopharyngeal nerve, and the aortic branch of the vagus nerve Center : The medullar cardiovascular centers Efferent : The vagal and sympathetic cardiac nerves and sympathetic nerves to the blood vessels. I don't have enough time write it by myself. It occurs mainly in the arterioles and is determined by the following factors: 1. Chemoreceptor reflexes: ABP (as in haemorrhage) blood flow to the peripheral chemoreceptors hypoxia of these receptors ( PO2) reflex of heart rate + reflex vasoconstriction of the arterioles ABP. vasomotor tone more constriction of the arterioles PR ABP vasomotor tone less constriction of the arterioles VD PR ABP Chemical regulation: - The arterioles show VC or VD by some chemical or hormonal agents: Vasoconstrictor substance: e.g. Nerve Supply: Sympathetic stimulation constriction of pulmonary vessels P.B.P. 2 scenario`s in cardiology:. VENTRICULAR MUSCLE 3. is normally low (25/10 mm Hg). b) Stimulation of parasymp cardiac metasbolism coronary vasoconst. It oscillates during each cardiac cycle between a maximum called systolic BP and a minimum called diastolic BP. Summary REGULATION OF THE ABP Short-term regulationLong-term regulation = Rapidly-acting pressure = Slowly-acting pressure control mechanism. (1) ARTERIAL BAROREFLEXES: An acute rise on arterial blood pressure produces reflex: Decrease in heart rate. Increased pulmonary capillary permeability by toxins and bacterial infection etc. A fall in ABP produces the opposite reflex effects, i.e. PHYSIOLOGY OF CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Physiology of the Heart Heart rate = 70/min, 100 000/day, 5 1/min, 4 500 l/day Morphology of the heart: 2 separate pumps - right/left Each - from 2 pumps - atria/vetricle Endocardium Myocardium - heart muscle Pericardium Histology: Arrangement of the cardiac muscle fibers (lattice-work) We've updated our privacy policy. Create stunning presentation online in just 3 steps. Regulation (control) of the blood volume includes the following: Red cell volume is kept constant by a balance between the rate of destruction & regeneration of RBCs Plasma volume is kept constant by: Rapid mechanism = interchange of fluid between plasma and the tissue fluid. Marked or excessive decrease of blood volume e.g. close to its normal level 1. It is frequently complicated by ventricular fibrillation death. Normal diastolic blood pressure is needed for filling of the coronary arteries with blood which occurs mainly during ventricular diastole. The blood flow in this circulation occurs mainly during cardiac diastole There is no efficient anastomoses between the coronary vessels. Cushings reflex (reaction): This is a special type of the CNS Ischaemic response where the CNS ischaemia is due to increase of the intracranial pressure above 33 mm Hg. - Coronary Inflow (arterial) occurs mainly during diastole, because during systole the coronary arteries are mechanically compressed by the contracting myocardium, i.e. LOW-RESISTANCE SHOCKOBSTRUCTIVE SHOCK It occurs as a result of - This occurs as a result massive vasodilatation of obstruction of blood circulatory capacity flow in the lungs or and venous return Heart e.g. Enter via the white ramus and exit via a All metabolic reactions of the brain are aerobic. Cerebral Circulation: - The CNS Ischaemic response and cushingd reflex. However, this renders this area more liable to ischemia and infarction. heart, Cardiovascular Physiology - . metabolites. Tap here to review the details. secondary to a tumor in the supra- renal gland secretion of cortisol, Aldosterone & adrenaline. cardiac work CBF and cardiac work CBF. Cardiac cycle & pressure wave forms copy, Cardiac cycle-Cardiac cycle - A Small Glimpses, Cardiaccyclephysiology4dpt 140126025440-phpapp02, Events of cardiac cycle and cardiac output, Vitreous (Attachments, age changes, vitreous hemorrhage, Vitreous Detachment). 22): S234-S243, 1999 Realistically, most professional and general physiology The PR varies directly with the blood viscosity (i.e. Blood Viscosity: CBF varies inversely with the blood viscosity. lecture outline. This paper reviews his seminal experiments in detail and clarifies the often confusing concepts underpinning his model. "/> barrel connectors. dr. abeer a. al-masri, phd a. professor, consultant, Cardiovascular Physiology - . EDUC. Retina (Define ,anatomy of retina, examination of retina, classification of Retinoblastoma (Preventive measures for retinoblastoma), RETINOPATHY OF PREMATTURITY (ROP) PREVENTIVE MEASURES. Renin acts as a proteolytic enzyme which acts on a plasma 2 globulin formed by the liver called angiotensinogen and converts it into decapeptide called angiotensin I (AI). Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secreted by the posterior pituitary. cardiovascular system function functional anatomy of the heart myocardial. Includes: Includes: a) Nervous mechanisms e.g. You can read the details below. the heart valves ensure one-way flow. Cardiovascular Physiology-B Lecturer: Dr. R. Ahangari University of Central Florida, Orlando Human b) Occlusion of one of the coronary arteries or its branches by coronary thrombosis severe ischemia. The blood flow in active areas due to VD produced by PCO2, PO2 & H+(mainly PCO2) and vice versa (VV). The lack of significant energy stores in the brain; glucose is the main metabolic substrate of the brain. Venoconstriction VR Mobilization of labile Contraction of spleen. pump. This response is very important in cases of severe hypotension, at blood pressures below 60 mm Hg. Muscle strength Pulmonary ventilation Cardiac output 11% difference in performance in women Body fat distribution. due to a large COP ABP e.g. Urine Formation: due to renal blood flow and secretion of antidiuretic hormone. Cardiac Output: - The C.O.P. 3. c) Arterial BP: CBF is directly proportional to aortic BP especially diastolic PO diastolic pressure CBF and diastolic aortic pressure (as in aortic regurgitation) CBF. ATRIAL MUSCLE 2. During diastole coronary outflow and veins are filled. qiang xia ( ), md & phd department of physiology room c518, block c. Cardiovascular Physiology - . The regional pulmonary blood flow is controlled by gravity (it is greater in the bases of the lungs) and O2 tension (it is reduced in hypoxic areas). LECTURE VIII: CORONARY CIRCULATION. During ventricular diastole The aorta recoils and its capacity is decreased. wu minfan department of physiology, shenyang medical, CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY - . : Capillary fluid shift mechanism. This is a common complication of the atherosclerosis and hypertension. Factors that pulmonary arterial BP: Inspiration (VD) Parasympathetic stimulation (VD). PP=120-80 = 40 mm Hg. Diastolic BP: It is the minimal pressure exerted by the blood on the arterial walls during ventricular diastole (just before ventricular systole and ejection of blood). Show: Recommended. electrophysiology of the heart. There is evident regional distribution: The subendocardial myocardial layer in the left ventricle receives less blood, due to more myocardial compression (but this is normally compensated during diastoles by V.D). Factors that determine the peripheral resistance The peripheral resistance (PR) is essential for maintenance of the arterial B.P. Cardiac Output (COP) Normal COP is essential for normal ABP. There is about one capillary for each cardiac muscle fiber. should increase 4 times normal before P.B.P. wu minfan department of physiology, shenyang medical, CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY - . - ABP filtration (=fluid shift) from the capillaries to the interstitial fluid (tissue fluid) ABP. action of the left ventricle Haemorrhagic shock e.g. dr james ker. Mechanical factors (=effect of cardiac cycle): - Ventricular systole of the intra-myocardial pressure compression of the coronary vessels CBF mainly in the left coronary artery (due to stronger cont of the left vent.) Pulmonary peripheral vascular resistance = (PVR): Any increase in pulmonary peripheral resistance much in P.B.P. REFLEXES THAT CONTROL CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTION Cheryl M. Heesch Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 AM. It ranges between 95 and 145 mm Hg with an average of about 120 mm Hg in adults i.e. CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY - . properties of the cardiac muscle:. A in the ABP opposite mechanisms which cause vasodilatation to maintain a constant blood flow rate. action potentials conduction pathways ekgs. electrophysiology of the heart. Experimental hypertension is of great value in study in the possible causes of hypertension in man and the effect of drugs on hypertension. Fainting (=loss of consciousness) and death may occur in severe haemorrhage due to brain ischaemia. Prof. Dr. Bayram Ylmaz Yeditepe University Faculty of Medicine Department of Physiology. The pulmonary vascular The blood pressure is 25 mm Hg systolic & 10 mm Hg diastolic in pulmonary arteries, 10 mm Hg in pulmonary capillaries & 6 mm Hg in pulmonary veins. c) Hormones Thyroxin cardiac metabolism coronary vasodilator CBF. This prevents pulmonary edema, and is due to rich lymph drainage and ve pressure in the lung interstitial spaces. ABP reflex of heart rate + reflex vasodilatation of arterioles ABP. The elastic recoil of the arterial wall is also useful in pushing the blood towards the tissues during diastole. 14. structure of the heart. - Epinephrine causes HR & nor epinephrine causes strong VC ABP. Cardiovascular physiology. Sports Physiology. - It is also called warm shock. It may be: External haemorrhage: in which the blood is shed outside the body or Internal haemorrhage: in which the blood passes from vascular system to tissue spaces or to the body cavities (e.g. RMP is less negative because of some opened Na channels, normal permeability to Na also causing a slow depolarization Physiology. section 1 basic cardiac anatomy and physiology. Change in COP affects systolic BP more than diastolic BP. qiang xia ( ), phd department of physiology room c518, block c, research building, These anatomizes are not sufficient to supply the cardiac, The coronary vessels are susceptible to degeneration and. Course Description: VTT103 Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology (3-4-5) External anatomy, skeletal, muscular, nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, endocrine, renal and reproductive systems, sensory organs and gastrointestinal tract of the dog and cat. In this way, these reflexes maintain the normal level of ABP. PPT - Ref. The CNS Ischaemic response: Ischaemia of the CNS (brain) produces generalized vasoconstriction and elevation of ABP. shock: definition inadequate perfusion to tissues large enough to compromise the supply of nutrients and removal of metabolic waste resulting in compromised organ functions usually recognised by clinical features suggestive of reduced blood flow reduced capillary fill cold clammy hands or feet widening core-toe temperature gradient Vasopressin urine vol. nervous supply. Unlike many major medical textbooks, which often have 20 or more authors, the first eight editions of the Textbook of Medical Physiology were written entirely by Dr. Guyton with each new edition arriving on schedule for nearly 40 years. Hypoxia, hypercapnia and rise of H produce V.C. Regulation of mean ABP includes: Short-term regulation. (7) Sleep: - ABP decreases slightly during sleep. But when more than 30% of the blood volume is lost, the body can not compensate for it and unless blood transfusion is done death results. student manual dr. guido e. santacana. The mean pulmonary blood pressure is 16 of the aortic pressure as the pulmonary peripheral resistance is low because of: a) Little amount of smooth muscles in pulmonary arterioles. Cardiovascular Anatomy and Physiology 2. - Shock (types and causes) - Heart Failure: : Left-sided heart failure (causes & manifestations) : Right-sided heart failure (causes & manifestations) Further Reading: Guyton: Textbook of Medical Physiology Ganong: Review of Medical Physiology. Length (L) of the blood vessel: The PR varies directly with the length of the blood vessel (i.e. Saint Mary's University of Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya. Therefore, elastic recoil of the arterial wall is important for maintenance of normal diastolic BP. heart rate is determined by parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous system stroke volume is also determined by sympathetic nervous system because sympathetic nervous system can affect heart rate by increasing the firing rate and strength which allows that the amount of blood comes into the heart as the by coronary thrombosis necrosis (=death) of the muscle supplied by that branch. epinephrine nor epinephrine. a. b. m. c. l. d. e. k. f. j. i. h. Cardiovascular Physiology - . Intracranial pressure: This is normally about 10 mm Hg. Peripheral resistance Arterial elasticity Blood volume ABP is related to the cardiac output and peripheral resistance according to the following equation: ABP = Cardiac output x Peripheral resistance. = 80 + 1/3 x 40 = about 93 mm Hg. Cardiovascular Physiology - . - Auto regulation and control of the cerebral blood flow (CBF). ABP reflex of heart rate + reflex vasodilatation of arterioles ABP. Firing level of -40 mV. The rate at which this loss occurs. student manual dr. guido e. santacana. CBF. regulation of blood pressure. fluid (blood volume with effects on ABP). Pulmonary circulation VC = Vasoconstriction of pulmonary arterioles PVR VD = Vasodilatation of pulmonary arterioles PVR CEREBRAL CIRCULATION The brain is richly supplied with blood. properties of the cardiac muscle. The PR depends mainly on 2 factors: (diameter of arterioles and blood viscosity) Diameter of arterioles: - The PR is inversely proportional to the diameter of arterioles i.e. b- Restoration of the plasma proteins (by increased synthesis from the tissue reserve proteins as well as the diet proteins) c- Restoration of the red blood cells (by increased formation in the bone marrow under effect of the erythropoietin hormone, which is released by the kidneys as a result of O2 lack). administration of fluid becomes life saving: fluids which can be given are: blood, saline, plasma or plasma substitutes. excitability, Cardiovascular Physiology - . : Nervous mechanisms e.g. SEX: - The ABP is slightly higher in adult males than adult females - After menopause (stoppage of menstrual cycle in females which occurs usually at the of 45 years), the ABP may be the same in females and males, but sometimes it becomes higher in females, probably due to hormonal change. The anginal pain may radiate to the left shoulder, left arm or forearm (=referred pain). due to: Traumatic shock Myocardial infarction. lecture outline. FACTORS AFFECTING PULMONARY B.P. One primary criticism of Guyton's model is that the parameters describing venous return had not been measured in a functioning cardiovascular system in . - ABP filtration & reabsorption (fluid shift) from the interstitial fluid into the capillaries blood volume ABP. We've updated our privacy policy. I like this service www.HelpWriting.net from Academic Writers. metabolites, acetylcholine, histamine and bradykinine. injection of noradrenalin generalized vasoconstriction of the circulatory capacity ABP. cardiac metabolites active hyperemia during cardiac activity = auto regulation of CEF O2 lack (hypoxia) is the most effective coronary vasodilator. Each cardiac cycle is initiated by the cardiac impulse which originates from the SA node. c) Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism: ABP renal ischemia release of a chemical substance called rennin from the juxtaglomerular cells (JGC) of the kidney. systemic diseases, Cardiovascular Physiology - . PULMONARY BLOOD PRESSURE (PBP) The blood pressure is 25 mm Hg systolic & 10 mm Hg diastolic in pulmonary arteries, 10 mm Hg in pulmonary capillaries & 6 mm Hg in pulmonary veins. Conducting System of the Heart. RMP of -55 to -60 mV. Effect of peripheral resistance (PR) on ABP PR = resistance which the blood meets during its passage in the peripheral arterioles and to a smaller extent in the blood capillaries. metabolites, acetylcholine, histamine and bradykinine. Uveitis (Classification, Panuveitis, Endophthalmitis, Panophthalmitis, Synech Management of trauma Ropper Hall classification system (Preventive ophthalmol Sclera (scleritis and episcleritis, staphyloma). Pulmonary Blood Pressure (P.B.P) Factors that pulmonary arterial BP: Expiration (VC) Sympathetic stimulation (VC) Catecholamine and angiotensin II (VC) Histamine and serotonin (VC) Hypoxia (VC) Lung disease e.g. SHOCK - Shock is a clinical syndrome characterized by inadequate tissue perfusion due to decreased cardiac output and decreased ABP (hypotension). HEART FAILURE Heart failure (HF) means decreased ability of the heart to perform its proper pumping action (due to decreased force of contraction of the ventricles). True False 2. A. Cardiovascular Physiology Dr. Abdulhalim Serafi, MB ChB,MSc,PhD,FESC Assistant Professor & Consultant Cardiologist Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences Umm Al-Qura University Makkah Al-Mukarramah Saudi Arabia, Part II CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY LECTURE II:ARTERIAL BLOOD PRESSURE (ABP) Outline: - Systolic BP and diastolic BP. blood heart peripheral circulation. The coronary arteries branch freely to form a rich capillary network. heart & circulation. Slow mechanism = balance between water loss and water gain. If the lost blood volume exceeds 30%: the replacement of the lost blood volume by I.V. It is a rich circulation (5% of the CO while the heart weight is 300gm). Aldosterone secreted by the supra renal cortex. The venous blood becomes oxygenated and some CO2 is removed. Female and Male Athletes. 12th. They play a very important role to prevents reflexes correct a rise in pressure by decreasing the cardiac pumping (decrease in heart rate) and the peripheral resistance (vasodilatation). One heart beat consists of one systole and one diastole. Get powerful tools for managing your contents. Slide 1 The cardiovascular system consists of a network of vessels that circulates blood throughout the body, motored by the action of the heart. During expiration, P.B.P is , because expiration recoil of the lungs compression of pulmonary vessels P.B.P. part 2 cardiac output & control systems. CORONARY BLOOD FLOW Under resting conditions coronary blood flow (CBF) in the human heart is about 250 ml/ minute (=5% of the cardiac output). Acts as a blood reservoir. | PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to download systemic diseases, Cardiovascular Physiology - . Vasoconstrictor substance: e.g. properties of the cardiac muscle:. The pulmonary circulation is shorter than systemic circulation, as the pulmonary circulation time is about 5 sec. N.B. Both the capillary surface area and capillary permeability are great. COP CBF COP CBF increased cardiac output BP in aorta + reflex inhibition of the vagal vasoconstrictor tone (a nrepis reflex) coronary vasodilatation CBF. solution of nutrients/wastes. They start in less than one second. The high intracranial pressure compression of the intracranial arteries blood flow to the brain ischaemia of the medullary centers generalized vasoconstriction of ABP to maintain the blood flow to the brain (despite the increased intracranial pressure). The body can compensate for it. Chemical Factors: a) Metabolic factors: cardiac metabolism O2 tension (local hypoxia), CO2, K+, lactic acid & adenosine in the cardiac muscle coronary vasodilatation CBF. Hormonal mechanisms for rapid control of ABP e.g: Epinephrine-nor epinephrine mechanism: - ABP a baroreceptors reflex sympathetic stimulation secretion of epinephrine and nor epinephrine from the suprarenal medulla. dr. abdulhalim serafi, mb chb,msc,phd,fesc assistant professor & consultant, Cardiovascular Physiology - . 2 scenario`s in cardiology:. weather in skagen in september Search Search . qiang xia ( ), phd department of physiology room c518, block c, research, Cardiovascular Physiology - . (6) Meals: - ABP rises slightly after meals. By responding to various stimuli, it can control the velocity and amount of blood carried through the vessels. PULMONARY CIRCULATION Pulmonary Circulation is the circulation between right ventricle and left atrium. Pulse pressure: It is the difference between systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure e.g. Weve updated our privacy policy so that we are compliant with changing global privacy regulations and to provide you with insight into the limited ways in which we use your data. Click here to review the details. Elasticity of the arterial walls: The elasticity of the wall of the aorta and its large branches buffers excessive changes in ABP during each cardiac cycle; During ventricular systole The aorta distends and its capacity is increased to accommodate for the ejected blood pressure from the left ventricle. The brain is highly sensitive to hypoxia or ischaemia because of 3 factors: The high metabolic rate of the brain compared with that of the whole body. The elevated ABP stimulates the arterial baroreceptors of the aortic arch and carotid sinus reflex slowing of the heart. part 2 cardiac output & control systems. Hypoxia, hypercapnia and acidosis VD cerebral BF. ISBN-13: 9780323597128. Coronary arteries are considered as functional end arteries. Cardiovascular Anatomy and cardiovascular disease is #1 cause of death major underlying cause is ischemia due to: Cardiovascular Physiology - . 3. The glycogen content of the brain meets its metabolic needs only for 2 minutes. 4. EFFECTS OF HAEMORRHAGE These depend upon two factors: 1. into the interstitial fluid. APIdays Paris 2019 - Innovation @ scale, APIs as Digital Factories' New Machi Mammalian Brain Chemistry Explains Everything. Changes in the peripheral resistance affect diastolic BP more than systolic BP. Guyton's original mathematical model is used with his data to show that a simultaneous increase in arterial pressure and decrease in right atrial pressure with increasing cardiac output is due to a blood volume shift into the systemic arterial circulation from the systemic venous circulation. This is called vasomotor tone and it is important to maintain normal ABP. 3- Malignant hypertension: This is a severe type characterized by marked elevation of ABP without obvious causes. after, Regulation (control) of the blood volume includes the, ABP reflex of heart rate + reflex, The arterial baroreflexes are very rapid. We've encountered a problem, please try again. - Cardiovascular physiology. without much in P.B.P. 2. Cardiovascular System MCQs :- 1. Capillary fluid shift urine formation. Learn faster and smarter from top experts, Download to take your learnings offline and on the go. Maryam Fida Follow Optometrist & Orthoptist 2. pump. and reserve proteins secretion of adrenaline & from the tissues to the Noradrenaline plasma proteins. Arthur Guyton's concepts of the determinative role of right heart filling in cardiac output continue to be controversial. The activity of the VMC (:: sympathetic vasomotor tone) is modified impulses from the arterial baroreceptors, the peripheral chemoreceptors, atrial receptors and other receptors e.g. Regulation of extra cellular - Atrial reflexes. 14. structure of the heart. Arthur C. Guyton, John E. Hall. Blood viscosity (V): This is determined mainly by the haematocrit value and to a lesser extent by the plasma proteins. Cardiac Cycle : Baroreceptors reflexes (=arterial baroreceptors reflex mechanisms): = Feed-back control system that prevents sudden or of ABP e.g. Further Reading: Guyton: Textbook of Medical Physiology Ganong: Review of Medical Physiology. Radius (r) of the blood vessel: The PR varies inversely with the fourth power of the radius (i.e. COP = Heart rate x Stroke volume Effect of change in stroke volume: Changes in SV affect systolic BP more than diastolic BP. The mean pulmonary blood pressure is 16 of the aortic pressure as the pulmonary peripheral resistance is low because of: a) Little amount of smooth muscles in pulmonary arterioles. 2) A II stimulates the secretion of Aldosterone hormone from the suprarenal cortex.

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